Technopedagogical Factors Influencing Inclusion and Exclusion in Bolivian University Education
- Authors
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Héctor Julián Portilla Moroco
Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima -PerúAuthor -
David Alexis Guzmán Rendón
Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Madrid-EspañaAuthor
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- Keywords:
- Technopedagogy, inclusive education, higher education, teacher digital competence, educational inclusion, Bolivia
- Abstract
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The growing incorporation of digital technologies into Bolivian higher education has transformed teaching and learning processes, generating opportunities to broaden student participation while also introducing new challenges linked to educational inclusion. In this context, this article aimed to critically analyze the technopedagogical factors influencing processes of inclusion and exclusion in Bolivian university education. Designed as a research-based reflection paper, the study is grounded in a qualitative, analytical-interpretative approach, relying on the critical analysis of scientific literature, regulatory documents, and specialized theoretical contributions. The reflection identified that faculty technopedagogical practices, the qualitative digital divide, teaching digital competencies, and institutional conditions constitute interrelated factors that directly impact students’ learning and participation opportunities. Furthermore, the paper argues that the adoption of technology does not automatically guarantee inclusive educational processes; rather, it requires a contextualized pedagogical integration aligned with equity principles. The study concludes that technopedagogy can serve as a catalyst for inclusion when guided by pedagogical, ethical, and institutional criteria; absent these conditions, it may perpetuate forms of educational exclusion. As its main contribution, the article offers a critical interpretation that strengthens the discourse on inclusive digital transformation in Bolivian higher education.
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- Published
- 2026-09-29
- Section
- Artículos
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